To establish a violation of the federal harboring law, the government would need to prove that:

• The vulnerable immigrant entered or remained in the U.S. in violation of the law,
• you concealed, harbored, transported, or sheltered the immigrant in the U.S.,
• you knew or recklessly disregarded the fact that the immigrant was not authorized to be present in the U.S., AND
• you took some action that tended to substantially facilitate the immigrant’s remaining in the U.S. in violation of the law.

Although the law is broadly written, there are nonetheless actions that advocates can lawfully take to assist these vulnerable and frightened members of our community.

To establish a violation of the law against concealing a person from arrest, the government would need to prove that:

• You knew or had notice of the fact that a warrant or process had been issued for the apprehension of someone; and
• You took actions to prevent their discovery and arrest.

This is true whether the warrant was administrative or judicial.

Although these laws are broadly written, there are nonetheless actions that advocates can lawfully take to assist these vulnerable and frightened members of our community.

Whether providing shelter to vulnerable immigrants runs afoul of the harboring law depends on whether or not the government knows that the immigrant is there.

The government knows
If the government knows that the immigrant is in your building and is seeking refuge there, and you are not hiding them from detection, that is not against the law. So for instance a public, high-profile case of an immigrant seeking refuge in your church would not be unlawful harboring.

The government does not know
On the other hand, if by providing shelter you are hiding the immigrant to help them avoid detection by the government, that would be a violation of the law.

If you help a vulnerable immigrant move from one location to another, and if that helps the immigrant stay in the U.S. without permission and/or it helps them to avoid detection by the government, that would be a violation of the law.

If you help a vulnerable immigrant avoid arrest by immigration authorities by suggesting or advising them to use an entrance or exit to a building that makes an arrest less likely, or by keeping them in your office for periods of time that do not have a business purpose, that could be considered unlawful harboring under 8 U.S. Code § 1324.

Similarly, if ICE has an arrest warrant, under 18 U.S. Code § 1071 you are not allowed to harbor or conceal a vulnerable immigrant so as to prevent their discovery and arrest. This is true regardless of whether the arrest warrant is judicial or administrative.

If you tell a vulnerable immigrant not to cooperate with the government, like not to show up for a check in with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, that can be considered harboring. Merely advising the person about the consequences of noncompliance is not harboring.

Giving advice to a vulnerable immigrant that they have the right to remain silent if questioned by immigration authorities is not harboring. If an immigrant is being questioned by immigration authorities, you should not advise or instruct them not to respond; instead, you should state only that they have a right not to respond.

For all types of sanctuary assistance, it is critically important that you not seek any commercial advantage or financial gain from helping the vulnerable immigrant.

The information in this document has been prepared by The Legal Aid Society for informational purposes only and is not legal advice. This information is not intended to create, and receipt of it does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. You should not act upon any information without retaining professional legal counsel.